نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسنده

• ابراهیم رنجبر

دانشیار گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشکده‌ ادبیات فارسی و زبانهای خارجی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

چکیده

بوف‌ کور یک متن هنری با موضوع روان‌شناختی است‌. جهان‌بینی رمانتیک و شور عاطفی فضای دنیای شخصیت‌های این رمان را پر کرده‌ است. بدون تردید، هدایت در نوشتن آن از آثار ادبی و هنری و نظریات روان‌کاوانۀ غربی از جمله فروید و یونگ متأثر شده است‌.  در این رمان تاثیر نظریۀ روان‌شناختی «سایه» و سنت «همزادنویسی» در عالم ادب روایی بیش از دیگر نظریات است‌. همۀ شخصیت‌های این رمان در حقیقت یک نفر و به عبارت دیگر سایه‌ها یا همزادانی از قهرمان هستند و خودنمایی شخصیت‌ها در پرسوناهای متفاوت موجب شکل‌گیری رمان، ساخته شدن دنیای آن و پیچیدگی زبان آن شده‌است. یکی از آثاری که بوف‌ کور بیش از همه با آن اشتراکات و تشابهاتی دارد، فیلم‌نامه دانشجوی پراگ نوشتۀ اِوِرس است‌. این فیلم‌نامه در سال 1913 در آلمان به نمایش درآمد و در سال‌های 1926 بازسازی مجدد و در سال 1935 صداگذاری شد. هدف این نوشته یافتن مشترکات و تشابهات این دو اثر است‌. روش بررسی مطابقه دادن ساختار، مراحل شکل‌گیری، استفاده از ابزارها و نمادها، نقش‌های شخصیت‌ها، روابط شخصیت‌ها با قهرمان و پیام این دو اثر است‌. نتیجۀ بررسی نشان می‌دهد که مشترکات و تشابهات بوف‌ کور با این اثر بیش از دیگر آثاری است‌ که تا حال با بوف‌ کور مقایسه شده‌اند و این مشترکات در زمینه‌هایی که در روش بررسی برشمردیم، دیده می‌شود.  

کلیدواژه‌ها

• بوف‌ کور
• هدایت
• دانشجوی ‌پراگ
• اورس

موضوعات

• زبان و ادبیات فارسی

عنوان مقاله [English]

An Analysis of the Similarities and Commonalities of Boof-e Koor̍s (The Blind Owl) Structure with the Student of Prague

نویسنده [English]

• Ebrahim Ranjbar

Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Persian Literature and Foreign Languages, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The Blind Owl is an artistic text with a psychological background. The novel has been written using the technique of Transposition. This technique has a long history in Europe, especially in the works of Hoffmann and Maupassant. Sadegh Hedayat, the author of the novel, has been influenced by the literary and artistic works, as well as the theories of the western psychoanalysts, such as Ewers, Freud, Jung, etc. One of the goals of psychoanalysis is to reveal important psychological aspects buried in the unconscious. One of the theories proposed in psychoanalysis is that “double” is one of the buried belongings of the human psyche, and some people can see the double of their psyche. In Freud’s psychology, human natural passions become important as the unconscious becomes important. As a result, the artists and writers influenced by Freud choose the psyche’s freedom and its tendency to deviate from the norm as the subject of their work. The world of The Blind Owl’s characters is overfilled with romantic perspectives and emotional feelings. In this novel, the influence of psychological perspective of “shading” and the tradition of focusing on the “double” in the world of narrative literature is observed more than any other perspectives. All the characters in the novel are in fact shadings or doubles of the protagonist. The representation of the characters in different personas has caused the development of the novel, the structuring of its world, and the complexity of its language. One of the works with which The Blind Owl has the most commonalities and similarities is the screenplay of The Student of Prague written by Hannes Heinz Ewers, whom Otto Rank has called the modern Hoffmann. Ewers wrote the screenplay of The Student of Prague in the genre of horror, adapting the works of his predecessors, including Goethe's play Faust, some of Hoffmann’s stories, etc. The screenplay was premiered in Germany in 1913, reformed in 1926, and voiced in 1935. The purpose of this article is to find the commonalities and similarities between these two works. To this end, a methodology of comparison has been applied: comparing the structures, the procedural development, the use of instruments and symbols, the role of the characters, the relationship of the characters with the protagonist, and the messages of the works. The results of the study indicate that the commonalities and similarities between The Blind Owl and The Student of Prague are more highlighted than the other works compared with The Blind Owl so far. These commonalities and similarities are conveniently seen in the elements mentioned in the methodology. Among the similarities in the area of content, the following can be mentioned: man’s destiny is subject to his emotions and his emotions are subject to chance; the ultimate value of life is unique to the supreme lover to whom everything must be sacrificed; a double could be more original than the real one.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• The Blind Owl
• Hedayat
• Student of Prague
• Ewers