Persian Literature

A narrative is a fundamental plan to connect human events and actions. Narrative inquiry/research utilizes the narrative elements to study that fundamental plan. A historical novel ... Read More

Research Paper

Narrative creation techniques and new meaning of pre-spiritual stories (Case study of the story of the repentance of Phil‌baby in the vulva after the intensity and the story of Pil‌bab Khoran in Mathnavi)

Elyas Nooraei

Volume 14, Issue 1 , September 2024, Pages 27-41

Abstract

The spiritual figure is a text of pre-existing texts that Molana, motivated by the creation of a new meaning, has undergone a change in the structure of the narrative pirang. Contemplating ... Read More

Research Paper

The stylistics of Sa’di's pieces and mentioning some new points from his personal life

atefeh ahmadi

Volume 14, Issue 1 , September 2024, Pages 43-66

Abstract

Background and purpose: This research aims to examine the fragments of Saadi's divan for two purposes. This poetic form is mentioned both in the Golestan section and in a separate section ... Read More Background and purpose: This research aims to examine the fragments of Saadi's divan for two purposes. This poetic form is mentioned both in the Golestan section and in a separate section in general. Since the piece has a variety of topics and content, and because it is the result of the poet's personal experiences and is close to vernacular, it is necessary to study and understand it. The first purpose of this article is the stylistic analysis of the poet's pieces on three levels, linguistic, literary and intellectual, using a descriptive and analytical method, and the second purpose is to discover new points of his personal life through the content of the pieces.Method: The method of this research is library, induction and statistics.Findings: The distinctive feature of Saadi in the composition of the piece is its simplicity and fluency in all three levels. He inspires the audience with the most meaning in his compositions with the least expression. In terms of his personal life, new information was obtained about his jobs, his presence and absence in government courts, his travels, his children and his mood. Also, the similar themes of the pieces have been compared with his other works.Conclusion: Based on the research done in terms of linguistic level, the words used in the pieces are in the field of politics, sharia, wisdom, and admonition codes, and on the other hand, we are not faced with lyrical codes. This statistical community leads us to the conclusion that Saadi's speech is more with the government institutions and then with the conscious human conscience. Some words have a high frequency, which is an indicator of his style. At the literary level, Surkhayal and the original designs are very simple and straightforward. He has used more irony, proportion, contrast and allegory. The amount of similes and metaphors is small and all of them are noticeable. At the intellectual level, the main predominance of the poet's thought is moral issues. Also, he was in the service of court affairs for some time and boasted of his poverty, and sometimes used threats and satire to advance his demands.

Research Paper

Methods of Persuading the Audience in Hafez's Didactic Single-Theme Ghazals

Tahereh Ishany

Volume 14, Issue 1 , September 2024, Pages 67-88

Abstract

Extended AbstractHafez’s ghazals represent the pinnacle of thematic diversity. While most of his ghazals are composed with multiple themes, his single-themed ghazals also hold ... Read More Extended AbstractHafez’s ghazals represent the pinnacle of thematic diversity. While most of his ghazals are composed with multiple themes, his single-themed ghazals also hold a significant place among his works. Among these, didactic themes, often enriched with wisdom, ethics, and mystical thought, stand out in particular. Since the focus of this study is on “didactic ghazals,” it is essential first to define this type of ghazal. A didactic ghazal is one in which the poet conveys his feelings in the form of teaching or imparting a lesson or method to the audience. These ghazals, beyond their educational messages, employ a variety of rhetorical and artistic techniques that enable profound influence and audience persuasion.Thus, this study aims to analyze Hafez’s single-themed didactic ghazals using rhetorical criticism—a method that examines the tools utilized by a writer or poet to create impact, persuade the audience, and convey messages—to address the following research questions:Research Questions:The primary question of this study is: What methods and didactic-rhetorical strategies did Hafez employ to communicate more effectively with his audience, and which of these strategies are most prominent? Understanding this issue can provide deeper insight into the aesthetics of Hafez’s poetry and his methods of audience persuasion in his didactic ghazals. Accordingly, this study seeks to analyze the techniques used in Hafez’s single-themed didactic ghazals to convey messages and determine the role of each method in establishing a connection with the audience.Research Objectives:Understanding these aspects can offer a more profound appreciation of the aesthetics of Hafez’s poetry and his approaches to audience persuasion in his didactic ghazals.Findings:In conclusion, the study’s findings reveal that Hafez, in his didactic ghazals, employs an encouraging tone as the primary and most frequent tool of persuasion, complemented by less frequent tones such as cautionary, reproachful, and compassionate, in descending order of usage. This approach creates an artistic equilibrium between emotional and logical persuasion. Among the didactic methods, conditional statements and reasoned discourse are most frequently utilized for argumentation, while tools such as admonition, moral lessons, and direct teaching—though less frequent—are purposefully employed to reinforce the message. Furthermore, the analysis of rhetorical techniques in Hafez’s didactic ghazals demonstrates that metaphor, followed by simile, plays a pivotal role in conveying didactic messages by creating profound and tangible imagery that enriches semantic layers. This artistic diversity and combination illustrate Hafez’s mastery in purposefully employing didactic strategies and rhetorical tools to persuade and inspire his audience.Keywords: Didactic Ghazals, Hafez, Rhetorical Criticism, Rhetorical Techniques, Audience Persuasion

Research Paper

The Heterotopic Nature of Qalandari Ghazal (With Emphasis on a Ghazal by Fakhruddin Araqi)

Fatemeh Rahimi; hatef siahkoohian; Hosein hasanrezaei

Volume 14, Issue 1 , September 2024, Pages 89-106

Abstract

The Qalandari ghazal, as an anti-genre, directly and indirectly critiques and challenges the symbolic values and general methods of other literary genres by subverting the conventions ... Read More

Research Paper

Analysis of Dual Structures and Mythical Signs in the Poem "Chavoshi" by Mehdi Akhavan Sales Based on Claude Lévi-Strauss's Theories

Volume 14, Issue 1 , September 2024, Pages 107-131

Abstract

This paper presents a structural analysis of Mehdi Akhavan Sales’ poem Chavoshi based on Claude Lévi-Strauss’s theory of binary oppositions. The primary objective ... Read More

Research Paper

Introducing the manuscript of "Dastor al-Shu'ara" by Mohammad Amani Mazandarani

Ali Mohammad Moazzeni; Behzad Geranmaye

Volume 14, Issue 1 , September 2024, Pages 133-158

Abstract

The book Dastur al-Shu'ara is one of the comprehensive and instructive works in the field of literary sciences and the art of poetry. This book was authored in 1048 AH by Amani Mazandarani ... Read More

Research Paper

Mir Gul Mohammad Zeib Magsi (powerful Baloch poet) and Iraqi style

Mojib Alrahman Dehani; Abbas Nikbakht; Abdollah vasegh abbasi

Volume 14, Issue 1 , September 2024, Pages 159-178

Abstract

Persian poetry underwent changes from the second half to the end of the sixth century due to the emergence of political and social issues. In this period, the structure and content ... Read More

Research Paper

A study of the allegories of "unity of existence" in the quatrains of Najafi Esterabadi.

Reza Zakizadeh; reza borzoiy; sharare elhame; Jamal Ahmadi

Volume 14, Issue 1 , September 2024, Pages 179-206

Abstract

The meaning and concept of unity of existence has been of interest to mystical poetry since ancient times and before Ibn Arabi, although they did not use the specific term of unity ... Read More

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Volume & Issue: Volume 14, Issue 1 - Serial Number 33, September 2024, Pages 1-216

Narrative analysis of modern historical novel

Abstract

Narrative creation techniques and new meaning of pre-spiritual stories (Case study of the story of the repentance of Phil‌baby in the vulva after the intensity and the story of Pil‌bab Khoran in Mathnavi)

Abstract

The stylistics of Sa’di's pieces and mentioning some new points from his personal life

Abstract

Methods of Persuading the Audience in Hafez's Didactic Single-Theme Ghazals

Abstract

The Heterotopic Nature of Qalandari Ghazal (With Emphasis on a Ghazal by Fakhruddin Araqi)

Abstract

Analysis of Dual Structures and Mythical Signs in the Poem "Chavoshi" by Mehdi Akhavan Sales Based on Claude Lévi-Strauss's Theories

Abstract

Introducing the manuscript of "Dastor al-Shu'ara" by Mohammad Amani Mazandarani

Abstract

Mir Gul Mohammad Zeib Magsi (powerful Baloch poet) and Iraqi style

Abstract

A study of the allegories of "unity of existence" in the quatrains of Najafi Esterabadi.

Abstract