Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Department, Faculty, University (Institution), City, Country
2 Department of Religions and Mysticism, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran.
3 Department of Persian Language and Literature, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
The Qalandari ghazal, as an anti-genre, directly and indirectly critiques and challenges the symbolic values and general methods of other literary genres by subverting the conventions established in previous literary traditions. This research examines the interaction of Qalandari ghazal with two traditional genres, “didactic poetry” and “praise poetry,” analyzing the heterotopic identity and inter-generic structure of this type of poetry. Finally, focusing on a ghazal by Fakhruddin Araqi, it demonstrates how this heterotopic ghazal, through the use of parodic strategies and carnival-like imagery, imitates other traditional genres of Persian poetry, while simultaneously developing them in new directions and challenging them within a complex literary game, thus creating new layers of intertextuality. The Qalandari ghazal, as an anti-genre, directly and indirectly critiques and challenges the symbolic values and general methods of other literary genres by subverting the conventions established in previous literary traditions. This research examines the interaction of Qalandari ghazal with two traditional genres, “didactic poetry” and “praise poetry,” analyzing the heterotopic identity and inter-generic structure of this type of poetry. Finally, focusing on a ghazal by Fakhruddin Araqi, it demonstrates how this heterotopic ghazal, through the use of parodic strategies and carnival-like imagery, imitates other traditional genres of Persian poetry, while simultaneously developing them in new directions and challenging them within a complex literary game, thus creating new layers of intertextuality.
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